雅思作文Task1寫(xiě)作常識(shí)
來(lái)源：
小編： 156
雅思作文Task1寫(xiě)作常識(shí)
來(lái)源：環(huán)球教育網(wǎng) www.ielts.com
2005-4-14
一、圖形種類(lèi)及概述法：
泛指一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
餅圖：pie chart
直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart / histogram
趨勢(shì)曲線圖：line chart / curve diagram
表格圖：table
流程圖或過(guò)程圖：flow chart / sequence diagram
程序圖：processing/procedures diagram
以下是一些較常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,
figures/statistics shows (that)...
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ...
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how
......
閱卷考官經(jīng)常是不會(huì)看那些圖表的，因此文章必須邏輯清晰，如果描述得能令人在腦海里勾畫(huà)出那個(gè)data chart，這篇task1無(wú)疑會(huì)達(dá)到8分的水平。開(kāi)篇的第一句話可以是一句高度概括性的introduction（當(dāng)然開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山直接描述也是一種寫(xiě)法）；這樣做不僅使文章更趨于完美，而且可以達(dá)到湊字?jǐn)?shù)的目的（但不要照抄題目，除非時(shí)間相當(dāng)緊迫）。接下來(lái)另起一段開(kāi)始進(jìn)行描述（根據(jù)實(shí)際情況1-2段），這當(dāng)中經(jīng)常要連續(xù)使用非限定性定于從句，從而使得描述過(guò)程流暢、清晰。最后也可再另起一段進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短的綜述（并非必須）。上述的任何一個(gè)步驟都要遵循依據(jù)現(xiàn)有data進(jìn)行客觀描述的原則，任何推測(cè)性或議論性的內(nèi)容寫(xiě)得再多、再精彩不僅不會(huì)加分，而且還會(huì)成為扣分的因素。
二、data的具體表達(dá)法
data在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段固定不變：fixed in time
在一系列的時(shí)間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changes over time
持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下:
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ...
減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...
波動(dòng)：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...
穩(wěn)定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ...
最常用的兩種表達(dá)法：
動(dòng)詞 + 副詞形式（Verb+Adverb form）
形容詞 + 名詞形式（Adjective+Noun form）
1. Verb+Adverb form
The number of XXX
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...
+from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)
2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation （注意：上述很多詞不可用于修飾fluctuation）
+in the number of XXX from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)
描述穩(wěn)定的data：
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)
The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)
There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)
描述不同狀態(tài)的data
Noun form:
steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop
Verbal form:
(to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady
描述the highest point以及the lowest point
高點(diǎn)極值：
The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...
+peaked in (月份/年) <準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX(極點(diǎn)data)
或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(極點(diǎn)data)
低點(diǎn)極值：
XXX bottomed out / reached
+rock / the bottom / a low point
或者h(yuǎn)it a trough
此外，在描述過(guò)程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：
并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ...
舉例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially
事實(shí)： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ...
雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ...
轉(zhuǎn)折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ...
原因與結(jié)果
1. cause-suggestion (幾乎不常用)
since / now that ...; I hope that...
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that...
2. cause-effect (較常用)
XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...
(一個(gè)句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ...
3. effect-cause (較常用)
XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...
(一個(gè)句子), because ...
it is adj. that ...
it is unimaginable that ...
it is undeniable that ...
it is interesting to discover that ...
三、其它相關(guān)常用詞（組）
1. 主章開(kāi)頭
圖表類(lèi)型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph
描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent
內(nèi)容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion
2. 表示數(shù)據(jù)
一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10%
最高（低）點(diǎn)：peaked; reached a peak / high point
bottomed out; reached the bottom
變化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb
decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce
fluctuate 浮動(dòng)，搖擺不定
remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change
變化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飛快的，險(xiǎn)峻的
dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動(dòng)的
significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 銳利的，明顯的，急劇的
steep/steeply 急劇升降的
steady/steadily 穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定不移的
gradual/gradually 漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的
slow/slowly 緩慢的，不活躍的
slight/slightly輕微的、略微地
stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的
表示范圍：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間直到
表示程度：almost adv. 幾乎，差不多
nearly adv. 幾乎，密切地
approximately adv. 近似的，大約
about adv. 附近， 大約，轉(zhuǎn)向，左右，周?chē)?nbsp;
just over 剛超過(guò)
over adv. 結(jié)束，越過(guò)，從頭到尾
exactly adv. 正確地，嚴(yán)密地
precisely adv. 正好 精確地；清晰地
比例：20 per cent 20%
one in three 1/3
one out of every four 1/4
3. 其它在描述中的常用到的詞
significant changes 圖中一些較大變化
noticeable trend 明顯趨勢(shì)
during the same period 在同一時(shí)期
grow/grew 增長(zhǎng)
distribute 分布，區(qū)別
unequally 不相等地
pronounced 明顯的
average 平均
no doubt 無(wú)疑地
corresponding adj. 相應(yīng)的，通訊的
represent vt. 闡述，表現(xiàn)
overall 總體上講
except 除外
in the case of adv. 在...的情況下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面
in contrast 相反，大不相同
in conclusion adv. 最后，總之
in comparison 相比之下
inversely adv. 相反地，倒轉(zhuǎn)地
in general 通常，大體上，一般而言
range from
excessive adj. 過(guò)多的，過(guò)分的，額外
lower v.降低，跌落
elapse vi.（時(shí)間）過(guò)去，消逝
category n.種類(lèi)
government policy 政府政策
market forces 市場(chǎng)規(guī)率
measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，調(diào)節(jié)
forecast n. 先見(jiàn)，預(yù)見(jiàn) v. 預(yù)測(cè)
