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中國(guó)獨(dú)特概念詞英文表達(dá)法

2005-07-01

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中國(guó)獨(dú)特概念詞英文表達(dá)法 
來(lái)源:環(huán)球教育網(wǎng) www.ielts.com.cn 2005-7-1


1、中國(guó)意念詞(Chinesenesses) 
八卦 trigram

  陰、陽(yáng) yin, yang

  道 Dao(cf. logo)

  江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)

  e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己)

  道 Daoism(Taoism)

  上火 excessive internal heat

  儒學(xué) Confucianism

  紅學(xué)(《紅樓夢(mèng)》研究) redology

  世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia

  開(kāi)放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)

  大鍋飯 getting an equal share regardless of the work done

  傷痕文學(xué) scar literature or the literature of the wounded

  不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …

  合乎國(guó)情,順乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people

  亂攤派,亂收費(fèi) imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge

  鐵交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post

  脫貧 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty

  治則興,亂則衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline



  2 、中華民族的喜慶節(jié)日(Chinese Festivial)



  國(guó)慶節(jié) National Day

  中秋節(jié) Mid-Autumn Day/Festival

  春節(jié) Spring Festival

  元宵節(jié) Lantern Festival

  兒童節(jié) Children’s Day

  端午節(jié) Dragon Boat Festival

  婦女節(jié) Women’s Day

  潑水節(jié) Water-Splashing Day

  教師節(jié) Teachers’ Day

  五四青年節(jié) Youth Day



3、 中國(guó)獨(dú)特的傳統(tǒng)飲食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)



  餛飩 wonton

  鍋貼 guotie (fried jiaozi)

  花卷 steamed twisted rolls

  套餐 set meal

  盒飯 box lunch; Chinese take-away

  米豆腐 rice tofu

  魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

  米粉 rice noodles

  冰糖葫蘆 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)

  火鍋 chafing dish

  八寶飯 eight-treasure rice pudding

  粉絲 glass noodles

  豆腐腦 jellied bean curd



4 、中國(guó)新興事物(Newly Sprouted Things)



  中國(guó) 電信 China Telecom

  中國(guó) 移動(dòng) China Mobile

  十五計(jì)劃 the 10th Five-Year Plan

  中國(guó)電腦聯(lián)網(wǎng) Chinanet

  三峽工程 the Three Gorges Project

  希望工程 Project Hope

  京九鐵路 Beijing CKowloon Railway

  扶貧工程 Anti-Poverty Project

  菜籃子工程 Vegetable Basket Project

  溫飽工程 Decent-Life Project

  安居工程 Economy Housing Project

  掃黃 Porn-Purging Campaign

  西部大開(kāi)發(fā) Go-West Campaign



  5 、特有的一些漢語(yǔ)詞匯



  禪宗 Zen Buddhism

  禪 dhyana; dhgaya

  混沌 chaos

  道 Daosim, the way and its power

  四諦 Four Noble Truth

  八正道 Eightfold Path

  無(wú)常 anity

  五行說(shuō) Theory of Five Elements

  無(wú)我 anatman

  坐禪 metta or transcendental meditation

  空 sunyata

  虛無(wú) nothingness

  雙喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)

  小品 witty skits

  相聲 cross-talk

  噱頭;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt

  夜貓子 night people; night-owls

  本命年 this animal year of sb.

  處世之道 philosophy of life

  姻緣 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)

  還愿 redeem a wish (vows)



6 、具有文化特色的現(xiàn)代表述

大陸中國(guó) Mainland China

  紅寶書(shū) little red book

  紅色中國(guó) socialist China

  四化 Four Modernizations

  終生職業(yè) job-for-life

  鐵飯碗 iron rice bowl

  大鍋飯 communal pot

  關(guān)系戶(hù) closely-related units

  外出打工人員 migrant workers

  關(guān)系網(wǎng) personal nets, closely-knitted guild

  五講(講文明、講禮貌、講衛(wèi)生、講秩序、講道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

  四美(心靈美、語(yǔ)言美、行為美、環(huán)境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment



7 、中國(guó)古代獨(dú)特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)



  宣紙 rice paper

  衙門(mén) yamen

  叩頭 kowtow

  孔子Confucius

  牌樓 pailou;pai-loo

  武術(shù) wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)

  功夫 kungfu ;kung fu

  中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)

  中和 harmony (zhonghe)

  孝順 to show filial obedience

  孝子 dutiful son

  家長(zhǎng) family head

  三綱:君為臣綱,父為子綱,夫?yàn)槠蘧V three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

  五常:仁、義、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

  八股文 eight-legged essays

  多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness

  養(yǎng)兒防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age



  8、 近一季度見(jiàn)諸報(bào)端的中國(guó)現(xiàn)代特色詞匯翻譯



  基層監(jiān)督 grass-roots supervision

  基礎(chǔ)稅率 base tariff level

  婚介所 matrimonial agency

  婚外戀 extramarital love

  婚紗攝影 bride photo

  黑心棉 shoddy cotton

  機(jī)器閱卷 machine scoring

  即開(kāi)型獎(jiǎng)券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

  集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development

  價(jià)格聽(tīng)證會(huì) public price hearings

  甲A球隊(duì) Division A Soccer Team

  家政服務(wù) household management service

  加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

  假帳 accounting fraud

  叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel

  矯情 use lame arguments

  漸進(jìn)式臺(tái)獨(dú) gradual Taiwan independence

  借調(diào) temporarily transfer

  擴(kuò)大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.

  擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需,刺激消費(fèi)expand domestic demand and consumption







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